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Theological Perspectives in Cosmology of Georges Lemaître
Rejman, Daniel ; Petráček, Tomáš (advisor) ; Šmíd, Marek (referee) ; Bouma, David (referee)
The thesis analyzes the thinking, legacy and the second life of the work of a prominent mathematician, cosmologist and the Catholic priest Georges Lemaître. The patterns of his thinking (expecting the intelligibility of the cosmos, assuming the hidden nature of God for research of natural science, seeing indeterminism in the evolution of the cosmos and separating the scientific and religious approach to reality) are presented on the basis of sources and literature based on Lemaître's texts and texts of scholars who dealt with his life and work. Everything is further complemented by the opinions of authors writing about the broader contexts of the history of cosmology and its interferencee with religion. Those long-term tendencies are drawn in more detail and further connected and compared with more general European ideas (the book of nature, the question of human free will, light as a backdrop of creation, appreciating the simplicity of hypotheses). Special emphasis is placed on the religious connotations of Lemaître's thinking - these are also presented with regard to the development of time, to which insights are further applied using modern models of the relationship between science and religion. It is the temporal transformation of that relationship within Lemaître's life path and the resulting...
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The Political Thought of Karl Jaspers
Bojda, Martin ; Pešek, Jiří (advisor) ; Šebek, Jaroslav (referee) ; Županič, Jan (referee)
The Political Thought of Karl Jaspers - Abstract The aim of the dissertation was to interpret the thinking of Karl Jaspers as an endeavour to clarify the connecting lines between the basic characteristics of human being and its historical and political dimensions. In the book we reconstructed Jaspers' spiritual development from systematic-theoretical research to the engagement of a public intellectual. As his main legacy are shown the importance of the inseparability, of a mutual cultivation and prove of philosophical foundation and historical being as well as exploration. Jaspers is presented as an important participant in the discussions about the problems of German society from the 1930s to the 1960s, whose contribution laid not in a philosophically "more abstract" analysing of problems, but in discovering that social and political being cannot do without philosophical self-reflection of man, of the structure of human existence and knowledge and of the principial values derived from it. In his confrontations with the situation of German culture, politics and society, Jaspers enriched the public debate by cultivating the philosophical and methodical consciousness. He emphasized the distinctions between the nature and instruments of the different spheres of human spirit (of sciences, religion, philosophy...
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Victor Mirabeau and his conception of human rights
JÍROVCOVÁ, Stanislava
This bachelor thesis examines the physiocrat Victor de Mirabeau and his conception of human rights. The author of this thesis discusses the physiocratic school within the context of the French Enlightenment, then proceeds to explaining the principal ideas of the leaders of the school. The main aim of the thesis is to describe the physiocratic concept of human rights and responsibilities as presented by Victor marquis de Mirabeau in his treatise La Science, ou Les droits et les devoirs de l'homme published in 1774.
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Concept of The Environment in expert view of Czechoslovak architects 1960-1971
Chmátal, Jonáš ; Spurný, Matěj (advisor) ; Janáč, Jiří (referee)
This study analyses the concept of The Environment among Czechoslovak architects and on the field of architectural theory in the 1960s. Environmental problematic was frequent topic across different expert groups since end of the 1950s and especially in the 1960s. Architects was one those groups and they actively further developed this concept of The Environment and environmental problematics during 1960s. This effort had brought interesting theoretical concepts and ideas and was also influenced by general Czechoslovak intellectual milieu of 1960s. Architects also started to critically address the degradation of natural environment due to increasing industrial pollution. They also accomplished several successes on the field of environmental problematics. They managed to establish specialized field of study and played a key role in some international conferences and meetings dealing with environmental problems under UNESCO, OSN or International Union of Architects. This study indicates some of yet not well known intellectual riches of Czechoslovak 1960s and also points that continuous environmental degradation during the reign of communist party was not caused by insufficient expertise and the source for this major problem should be further researched. Key words: Architecture, Environment,...
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Intellectual History in the Context of Czech and European Historiography in 19th and 20the Century
Čtvrtník, Mikuláš ; Beneš, Zdeněk (advisor) ; Středová, Veronika (referee) ; Horský, Jan (referee)
The main thematic scope and basis of the PhD thesis is the specific movement in the historiography called duchové dějiny (in English partly misleading translation intellectual history) in the form, in which it was developed in German speaking lands as Geistesgeschichte, and in the Czech historiography as duchové dějiny outlined by Zdeněk Kalista. In the PhD thesis duchové dějiny is put into the wide context of the development of historical thinking and methodology in the 19th and 20th century. The PhD thesis treats the subdiscipline of duchové dějiny in many perspectives and at different levels and thematically is not enclosed by the boundaries of the duchové dějiny itself. The duchové dějiny is here in a way an optics through which one line of historiography and historical thinking in the 19th and 20th century is observed, treated and interpreted. The PhD thesis also aims to connect the history and its methodology with the archivistics and archival theory. In this way proposes the thesis certain solutions. Nowadays, duchové dějiny belongs rather to the marginal movements or subdisciplines in the historiography in the Czech and German speaking lands, contrary to intellectual history in Anglophone areas. In spite of this the PhD thesis tried to show, that the duchové dějiny is still alive,...
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Karel Havlicek Borovsky founder of Czech economic thought? Ppart of the history of Czech economic thought
Brožek, Jan ; Szobi, Pavel (advisor) ; Chalupecký, Petr (referee)
The aim of my paper is a critical examination of the thesis, held by Czech public professionals, that Karel Havlíček Borovský was the founder of Czech economic thinking. I begin with the premise that Havlíček was primarily an economic journalist with a basic knowledge of liberal thinking, which he wanted to interpret for the general Czech public in his articles, in order to familiarize the upcoming "Czech national movement" with the basics of economic theory. Based on the methodology of the History of Ideas, I want to show how liberalism looked in the Czech region of the 19th Century, to focus on the social stratification of Czech society and illustrate the difference between a scientist and journalist. In my work, I want to not only deal with That Havlíček wrote in his texts, but would also like to take into account an analysis of the interests of the "Czech national movement" in the 19th Century.
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"Principle of my philosophical outlook." Romantic Naturphilosophie of Georg Franz Buquoy
MORAWETZ, Michal
The bachelor thesis is focused on a reconstruction of fundamental ideas in the philosophy of Georg Franz Buquoy. It is based on the analysis of his tract Kern meiner philosophischen Grundansicht (around 1825), which only exists as a manuscript, and is deposited in Buquoy's Family Archives in the State Regional Archives in Třeboň. The discussion of this subject is based on methods of intellectual history. I proceed from the current debate on the relationship between natural science and humanities at the time of late enlightenment and romanticism. I endeavour to reintegrate Buquoy's oeuvre into the historical scientific and social context, and interpret his ideas about the world order and about the role of nature, man, and God in this world. The introductory chapter surveys the development of the historical research and analyzes the historical works I have used. Apart from that, I reconstruct Buquoy´s image in the historiography and explain which archival sources I have used. The 2nd chapter introduces the philosophical way of thinking in the Austrian Vormärz and explains the main ideas of German and Austrian Naturphilosophie. The following chapter focuses on education, learning and the interests of Georg Franz Buquoy. The fourth chapter analyses the philosophical tract under discussion.
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